Prophage-mediated defence against viral attack and viral counter-defence

PKR evolution in viral defence

The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense to pathogens. Part of this response is mediated by the cellular RNA-activated protein kinase, PKR. In a recent article published in the journal Nature [1], findings on the rate of evolution of PKR and how it relates to K3L, a pseudosubstrate viral mimic from poxviruses, are presented. The authors employ an impressive diversity of ...

Wolbachia infection suppresses both host defence and parasitoid counter-defence.

Endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus Wolbachia have been linked to several types of reproductive parasitism, which enhance their own transmission, while their direct effects on the host vary from beneficial to neutral or detrimental. Here, we report negative effects of infection on immunity-related traits of Drosophila simulans and the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina heterotoma. Infected D. simulans...

A Nobel Defence Scheme Against Selfish Node Attack in MANET

Security is one of the major issue in wired and wireless network but due to the presence of centralized administration not difficult to find out misbehavior in network other than in Mobile Ad hoc Network due to the absence of centralized management and frequently changes in topology security is one of a major issue in MANET. Only prevention methods for attack are not enough. In this paper a new...

Strong host resistance targeted against a viral suppressor of the plant gene silencing defence mechanism.

The 2b protein encoded by cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (Cmv2b) acts as an important virulence determinant by suppressing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a natural plant defence mechanism against viruses. We report here that the tomato aspermy cucumovirus 2b protein (Tav2b), when expressed from the unrelated tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) RNA genome, activates strong host resistance...

Feature-Distributed Malware Attack: Risk and Defence